This video shows chemical bonds inside human body respiration & breathing. Oxygen atoms can form double bonds, and nitrogen atoms can form triple bonds to make diatomic gaseous molecules. But carbon atoms can't form a quadruple bonds, instead bonding to make a network solid. The role of O2, N2 and CO2 in breathing and respiration is explored, and more complex molecules are introduced. Subscribe to watch more online chemistry courses & science videos: http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiX8pAYWBppIbtUZTfGnRJw?sub_confirmation=1 About Atomic School: Atomic School supports the teaching of Atomic Theory to primary school & science students . We provide lesson plans, hands-on classroom resources, demonstration equipment, quizzes and a Teacher's Manual to primary school teachers. Animated videos that clearly explain the scientific ideas supports learning by both teachers and students. As a teacher, you don't have to look anywhere else to implement this program. Our work has been verified by science education researchers at the University of Southern Queensland, Dr Jenny Donovan and Dr Carole Haeusler, who confirm that primary students are capable of learning much more complex scientific concepts than previously thought, and crucially, that they love it. Students run to class! The program has been trialed in Australian schools as well as schools in the Philippines, Iran and India. It is conducted as holiday workshops at the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, the Queensland Museum as well as the World Science Festival. It has attracted wide media interest, including TV, radio and print, and the research data has been presented at prestigious American Education Research Association and Australian Science Education Research Association conferences. Atomic Theory underlies all the other sciences- genetics, electronics, nanotechnology, engineering and astronomy- so an early understanding will set them up for a more successful learning sequence for all their science subjects, and support their mastery of mathematics as well. We also have extension programs that cover Biology, Physics and Astronomy to an equal depth. About Ian Stuart (Email: [email protected]): The founder of Atomic School, Ian Stuart, taught Chemistry and Physics for 25 years at senior levels before he realized that his 8-year old son, Tom, could understand Atomic Theory at a much deeper level than he expected. After visiting Tom's class at school, he discovered that his peers could also grasp the abstract scientific concepts, as well as apply it usefully to the real world. Ian then developed a program to teach the advanced concepts of high school Chemistry, Physics and Biology to students 10 years younger than they normally would. He found that this engaged their interest in modern science early, and sustained it through to high school and beyond. It also sets them up for future success in their academic and career paths. Ian has a Bachelor's Degree in Chemistry from the University of Queensland and a Master's degree in Electrochemistry from the University of Melbourne. Connect with Atomic School on social media: http://facebook.com/AtomicSchool http://twitter.com/AtomicSchools http://instagram.com/AtomicSchools Video transcript: The thought experiments from our last video showed that hydrogen atoms can make only one bond, oxygen atoms can make 2, nitrogen three and carbon 4 bonds with other atoms. This number of bonds that an atom can make is called its valency. Hydrogen has a valency of 1, oxygen 2, nitrogen 3 and carbon 4. In our next thought experiment, we'll put lots of oxygen atoms in a box. But no hydrogen atoms this time. Like hydrogen, oxygen atoms stick together in pairs. 3.1 When another oxygen atom hits this pair, it doesn’t stick. HC? How come? Don’t oxygen atoms like to bond to two other atoms? If it bond with hydrogen, which has only one bond, it will need two of them, and the new molecule will be H2O, water. But when it bonds with another oxygen, it has one bond left over. The other oxygen does too. If hydrogen atoms were available they could join with these bonds to make a complete molecule. But if there aren't any spare hydrogen atoms floating about, can you see another solution? The oxygens can bond to each other a second time. The 2 oxygens then form a double bond between them. Now both oxygen atoms are using both of their bonds, and are satisfying their valency of 2. The stick diagram for this molecule shows the 2 oxygen atoms joined by the double bond. The chemical formula for this molecule is O2. The 2 is showing us that there are 2 oxygen atoms in the molecule, not that there are 2 bonds between the atoms. That's just a coincidence. Oxygen is a colourless gas, and about 20% of the air is made of O2 molecules. When we breathe in, our bodies can absorb them into our blood steam and keep us alive.